Why Policies Fail

Policy-based governance approaches fail because policies can be declared without being observed, and observation can be claimed without being verifiable.

The Declaration Problem

Organizations can declare policies without implementing them. Policy documents do not ensure policy execution.

The Verification Problem

Even when policies are implemented, verification requires trust in the implementer. Third parties cannot independently verify policy compliance.

What Infrastructure Provides

Infrastructure provides cryptographic evidence that can be independently verified. It does not solve the governance adequacy problem, but it makes governance observable.